On Feb 27, the Bureau of Communications and Arts Research of
Australia (BCAR) has released
a working paper that examines the demand for fixed-line broadband in Australia
over the next decade.
The working paper titled Demand for fixed-line
broadband in Australia identifies the factors that drive household
demand for data and the rate at which it is transmitted—known as bandwidth—and
how this may change over time. The report is the first in an annual series.
The BCAR has forecast Australian households’ demand for data
and bandwidth delivered over fixed-line services over the next decade. It identifies
the drivers of demand for data and bandwidth and forecasts how this demand will
change.
Often compared to the flow of
traffic on a road, bandwidth is the rate at which information is transmitted
over a line or through a circuit. It is measured in bits per second and can be
used to refer to the capacity of a line, or to the requirement of applications.
The capacity of a line determines the ability for households to use
applications requiring relatively large amounts of data, such as streaming video
or downloading files.
Increasing demand for
data and bandwidth
Australia’s digital transformation has driven growth in a
vast range of applications and platforms requiring an increasing use of data. According
to the report, the monthly volume of data demand from the average Australian household
is forecast to increase from 95 gigabytes (GB) in 2016 to 420 GB in 2026.
The increasing demand for data as well as fast and reliable
broadband services, particularly at peak times, is a result of Australians being
enthusiastic adopters of digital technology.
Developments in technology will contribute significantly to
this growth. Given the rapid take-up of platforms and over-the-top services, households
will spend more of their available leisure time using data-intensive
applications such as ultra-high definition online video-on-demand (VOD)
services and new technologies such as virtual reality (VR).
Very often, more than one device is used at the same time. Demographic
factors such as rising real incomes and the ageing of younger and connected generations
will also contribute to increased data demand.
Households that use the most data are most likely to demand
the most bandwidth at peak periods, although the frequency and duration of
this peak will vary between households. Peak bandwidth demand for the highest
usage households is forecast to increase from between 11–20 megabits per
second (Mbps) in 2016 to between 20–49 Mbps in 2026.
For households that already demand significant amounts of
bandwidth, the volume of data used is likely to grow at a faster rate than
their bandwidth demand. These households are assumed to already have a range of
data-intensive technology in their homes and use the maximum number of devices
possible at a single point in time in the peak period.
However, only 2% of households are expected to demand more
than 49 Mbps in bandwidth – 98% of households are estimated to demand less than
that in 2026.
Type of technology
driving data and bandwidth demand
In the forecast of BCAR, Australian households will spend
more time watching video over the internet while content providers will also
shift from SD or HD video to 4K and 8K content that is more data intensive.
This means that both SD and HD video are expected to contribute less to overall
demand in 2026 when compared to 2016. Further improvements in compression
technology mean that the bandwidth requirements for each video type decline
over time.
The second
largest contributor to total growth in 2026 is expected to be data generated by
Internet of Things (IoT) devices. While the impact of IoT is relatively small
until 2021, it increases between 2021 and 2026—contributing over 15% of total
growth during that period.
This growth
in IoT is due to the increase in the number of devices in each household and
the data needs of the average IoT-connected device. While each device does not
necessarily require a large amount of bandwidth, increasing data use results
from the significant increase in the number of devices owned by each household
over the next decade.
However,
the report also emphasised that its forecasts for data usage are
sensitive to how quickly households adopt technologies, with a faster than
expected take-up of online video likely to have the most significant impact on
data demand.
National Broadband
Network sufficient to meet the demand
The forecast shows that high usage households are typically
couple families with children. These households are expected to become more
concentrated in particular areas, such as on the fringes of major metropolitan
areas or new growth areas on the fringe of cities characterised by new housing
developments. Other factors such as income and the quality of existing
infrastructure will also affect the growth of bandwidth demand at a regional
level.
“While consumers enjoy the advantages of mobility, this
report highlights the role of fixed networks in meeting Australian households’
growing appetite for more data,” Minister for Communications Senator Mitch
Fifield said.
Today, the average NBN connection downloads just under 200GB
of data per month – almost 100 times as much as the average downloaded over
mobile devices at around 2GB per month.
Despite rapid growth in this demand, the BCAR paper shows
that in 2026 the fixed-line broadband needs of Australian households will be
well served by the current infrastructure investment in National Broadband
Network (NBN).
In a press
statement made by the Department of Communications and the Arts, Minister
Fifield stated that the Coalition’s rollout will ensure 90% of the NBN
fixed-line footprint will deliver download speeds above 50Mbps, and all
premises will be able to receive peak wholesale speeds of at least 25Mbps by
2020.
The
BCAR will continue to monitor changes in demographics, technology and other
factors each year to assess the impact on data and bandwidth demand. The
research will be updated regularly to assess the impact of factors such as
shifting demographics on changing data and bandwidth needs as Australians
embrace new digital technologies.
The working paper can be downloaded here
on the website of BCAR.